docker escape techniqueshow to edit file in docker container
Attackers Abusing Legitimate Cloud Monitoring Tools to Conduct Cyber Attacks. 2015-2022, The MITRE Corporation. (2020, November 19). [9][10], Consider utilizing seccomp, seccomp-bpf, or a similar solution that restricts certain system calls such as mount. Adversaries may break out of a container to gain access to the underlying host. Fishbein, N. (2020, September 8). The I/O breakout depends on the following container misconfigurations: An attacker will execute the following steps in the container to compromise the host system. We can use the following queries to identify I/O breakouts: Detect a new privileged container getting spawned: Detect privileged containers that are already running: These queries are generic and will detect any potential malware that uses these techniques. Retrieved October 1, 2021. Dokis container was configured to bind the host root directory. The process breakout depends on the following misconfigurations: 1. Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. This gap between adoption and security creates opportunities for attackers to exploit misconfigurations. Process graph for correlated process breakout signals. (2022, January 5). Peirates GitHub. Retrieved February 8, 2022. (2020, August 25). Figure 1. We can use the following queries to identify I/O breakouts. Fiser, D., Oliveira, A.. (2019, December 20). [1], There are multiple ways an adversary may escape to a host environment. Docker. Retrieved March 30, 2021. Schedule a demo to learn more about the container security functionality in Uptycs. (Click to see larger version. Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools, Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription, Executable Installer File Permissions Weakness, Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable, Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking, File and Directory Permissions Modification, Windows File and Directory Permissions Modification, Linux and Mac File and Directory Permissions Modification, Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution, Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation, Exfiltration Over Symmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol, Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol, Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API, such as calling GetLocaleInfoW() to gather system location information.[12]. Retrieved March 30, 2021. In Kubernetes environments, consider defining a Pod Security Policy that limits container access to host process namespaces, the host network, and the host file system. Process graph for correlated I/O breakout signals. [2][3][4] Adversaries may also escape via Exploitation for Privilege Escalation, such as exploiting vulnerabilities in global symbolic links in order to access the root directory of a host machine.[5]. Daniel Prizmant. The EDR capabilities in Uptycs address this issue by empowering security teams to detect attacks in their Docker infrastructure. Docker escape techniques allow an attacker to break out to the host system from a container. First, since the host devices are accessible from the container, an attacker can mount a storage device from the host onto the container using these commands: In this example, mount_folder is any folder where an attacker can mount a storage device. [4], Hildegard has used the BOtB tool that can break out of containers. Broadly, the escape techniques fall into two categories: Although these techniques are commonly used to escape from containers, they can also be used to evade monitoring tools that are not container-aware. Please note that the osquery process runs on the host (instead of running inside each container), and therefore, it is able to record events happening on the host, as well as events happening inside any of the containers running on the same host. Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. Retrieved April 1, 2021. Use Bind Mounts. InGuardians. FBI. To recap, organizations are using Docker to quickly scale up and meet their needs. All these events are combined in the same tables (i.e. Uptycs can detect both of these types of breakouts. Examples include creating a container configured to mount the hosts filesystem using the bind parameter, which allows the adversary to drop payloads and execute control utilities such as cron on the host, or utilizing a privileged container to run commands on the underlying host. Retrieved March 30, 2021. List of process breakout signals (correlated events and alerts) in Uptycs. (n.d.). He loves to attend various security meetups and Detecting Docker escapes using osquery and Uptycs, Cloud Workload Protection Platform (CWPP), Writing to the host file system from a container (I/O breakout), Running a process on the host machine from a container (process breakout), Devices on the host are accessible from the container. Monitor for the deployment of suspicious or unknown container images and pods in your environment, particularly containers running as root. Windows Server Containers Are Open, and Here's How You Can Break Out. (Click to see larger version. ), Figure 2. Why a Privileged Container in Docker is a Bad Idea. [11], Use read-only containers, read-only file systems, and minimal images when possible to prevent the running of commands. Run the following commands in the container: 3. ), Figure 4. Docker. Second, since mirroring is complete, an attacker can drop potentially malicious files into monitored locations on the host using the following commands: All of the activities that we did for simulation are recorded by osquery in the process_events and process_file_events tables. (n.d.). Prizmant, D. (2021, June 7). List of I/O breakout signals (correlated alerts and events) in Uptycs. Docker Overview. (2021, February 3). Retrieved September 22, 2021. [7], Siloscape maps the hosts C drive to the container by creating a global symbolic link to the host through the calling of NtSetInformationSymbolicLink. [11], Ensure containers are not running as root by default. Adhokshaj Mishra is a security researcher at Uptycs, specializing in Linux malware research. Monitor for process activity (such as unexpected processes spawning outside a container and/or on a host) that might indicate an attempt to escape from a privileged container to host. (2020, July 15). Fishbein, N., Kajiloti, M.. (2020, July 28). This means changes made to the mirror folder would be reflected on the storage device and vice versa. Retrieved April 5, 2021. Deep Analysis of TeamTNT Techniques Using Container Images to Attack. National Security Agency, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. In principle, containerized resources should provide a clear separation of application functionality and be isolated from the host environment. Retrieved April 1, 2022. All of the events recorded by osquery have process tree data associated with them. This is generally achieved by exploiting various misconfigurations in Docker. (2022, March). These events also have container metadata associated with them, which helps identify the specific container and the image thats running the malicious process. Gaining access to the host may provide the adversary with the opportunity to achieve follow-on objectives, such as establishing persistence, moving laterally within the environment, or setting up a command and control channel on the host. [8], TeamTNT has deployed privileged containers that mount the filesystem of victim machine. Verify that osquery generated telemetry in the process_events table and that ancestor_list contains kthread in process details. However, osquery helpfully marks events coming from containerized processes and attaches basic metadata to identify the source containers. Prior to Uptycs, he worked in security consulting (threat hunting, incident response). The execution of the above commands leads to mirroring of the contents of the storage device to the mount_folder. Monitor cluster-level (Kubernetes) data and events associated with changing containers' volume configurations. Retrieved March 30, 2021. Run a Docker container with SYS_ADMIN capability, and the AppArmor profile disabled: 2. This can help find the process (or processes) that started the offending process. [6], Peirates can gain a reverse shell on a host node by mounting the Kubernetes hostPath. Morag, A. Verify that "$host_path/output" contains output of the executed command (ps aux). In Kubernetes environments, consider defining a Pod Security Policy that prevents pods from running privileged containers.[11]. Chen, J. et al. This information tells us whether the file was opened for reading, writing (or both), file permissions, etc. Indicators of Compromise Associated with Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Kubernetes Hardening Guide. Kol, Roi. 4. But accelerated adoption introduces risk because it takes time for administrators to fully understand the best ways to deploy Docker securely. Retrieved June 9, 2021. Entries in the process_file_events table have file metadata (opening flags, mode, inode number, filesystem type) associated with them. Siloscape: First Known Malware Targeting Windows Containers to Compromise Cloud Environments. MITRE ATT&CK and ATT&CK are registered trademarks of The MITRE Corporation. Retrieved September 22, 2021. Figure 3. (Click to see larger version.). This can allow an adversary access to other containerized resources from the host level or to the host itself. (Click to see larger version.). there are no special tables to record events from containers). Apart from defensive research, he also works on the offensive side in his spare time.
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